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What The Jewish People Endured After The Concentration Camps

It was crying and praying. So long we survived. And now we waited only that they shoot, because we had not else to do (267). This quote from the end of the novel ironically describes what the Jewish people endured after the concentration camps. Vladek Spieglman among other suffered through traumatic experiences; though Vladek certainly did survive the holocaust, old Vladek did not. Post-Holocaust it is revealed by Spieglman that his father, Vladek, develops two personalities—before and after the concentration camps. Vladek’s post-holocaust life was haunted by the horrors he witnessed while being in the concentration camps; he went from a young, handsome resourceful man to a miserable, old man who does nothing but complain. In the opening, Vladek was very reluctant about discussing his past with even his own son. This hesitation came from the fear of reliving the pain he suffered through during the holocaust. Although Vladek doesn’t bluntly state the struggles he overcame, it is seen through the personality alteration Vladek has undergone. Before the occurrence of the Holocaust, Vladek is a resourceful, successful and very intelligent. Vladek managed to find a woman like Anja to marry—rich and smart. His marriage with Anja if filled with love, compassion and intimacy; Anja soon became a significant aspect of Vladek’s life. Vladek loved Anja knowing she was suicidal; he always did his best to cheer her up. Although Vladek and his family spent years trying to hide from theShow MoreRelatedVladek s Double Personality : What The Jewish People Endured After The Concentration Camps?915 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel ironically describes what the Jewish people endured after the concentration c amps. Vladek Spieglman among other suffered through traumatic experiences; though Vladek certainly did survive the holocaust, old Vladek did not. Post-Holocaust it is revealed by Spieglman that his father, Vladek, develops two personalities—before and after the concentration camps. Vladek’s post-holocaust life was haunted by the horrors he witnessed while being in the concentration camps; he went from a young, handsomeRead MoreThe Victims Of The Holocaust1073 Words   |  5 Pages Many victims of the Holocaust, regardless of race, endured the same unethical punishment for having what the Nazi’s believed to be wrong beliefs. Though Jewish people were the main target by the Nazi’s, groups such as homosexuals, Gypsies, and Jehovah’s Witnesses were also targeted. Locations that these people were imprisoned in varied from prisons to killing camps. There were multiple concentration camps, but certain ones had a greater importance due to their location, such as Sachsenhausen andRead MorePainful Experiences of the Holocaust in the Novel, Night by Elie Wiesel1185 Words   |  5 Pageshow Wiesels character changed throughout the novel, especially in regard to the Jewish religion and towards God as a result of his experiences during the Holocaust. How does Wiesel’s transformation reveal the author’s intended theme about the Holocaust? World War II is a very impactful point in history where the Holocaust is viewed as one of the worst acts of human genocide. Countless Jewish victims endured traumatizing amounts of suffering and pain that transformed their lives as theseRead MoreThe Holocaust Of Auschwitz, Buchenwald, And Treblinka1514 Words   |  7 Pagesat concentration camps like these were greater than any before endured. Elie Wiesel had been one of the most devout Jewish children prior to the start of the Holocaust. However, the Holocaust created a void in the souls of many of those that survived, one of which was Elie. During his experience in the concentration camps, Elie waited for God to intervene and save his people. When God did not intervene Elie began to doubt God and His mercy. He began to accuse God of cruelty against the Jewish peopleRead MoreAmerica s Concentration Camps During World War II1262 Words   |  6 PagesHumanities 2323 section 002 December 2, 2014 Word count: 1262 American G.I.’s in Concentration Camps During World War II the atrocities committed by the Nazis were so violent, and so reprehensible that Germany is still trying to make amends for them to this very day. I decided to do my final paper on just one specific group of people terrorized by the Nazis in their concentration camps, American GI’s. These GI’s were sent to a camp known as Buchenwald. The off shoot of Buchenwald was known as Berga. BergaRead More night Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesWiesel a young jewish boy who tells of his experiences during the Holocaust. Elie is from the small town of Sighet, Transylvania. This book begins in late 1941 and chronicles Elies life through the end of the war in 1945.He had two older sisters, Hilda and Beatrice Wiesel and a younger sister, Tzipora Wiesel. Elie spoke many languages including Hungarian, Romanian, German and he grew up speaking Yiddish. At the beginning of the book Elie has a very strong faith in God and the Jewish religion, butRead MoreThe Holocaust Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesoccur. Adolf Hitler, the leader of this most devastating affair, was so opposed to people different than him, that he caused the mass murder of countless Jews, gypsies, Blacks, Check Slovakians and other unique kids of people. The Holocaust, which lasted from around 1941 to 1945, caused much response from the countries directly affected and other countries around the world. Germany was in a horrible economic state after terribly losing World War One, and they needed to find a way to totally reconstructRead MorePrimo Levi s Life During World War II1132 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Primo Levi was born 1919 in Turin, Italy. He was an anti-fascist who was jewish and was deported because of this to Auschwitz in 1947 during World War II. He explains his experiences in the excerpt On the Bottom, the whole story being named Survival of Auschwitz. Primo Levi’s experience through the World War II time period lead him to write about what he endured and what others had endured. Primo Levi went to a university called, University of Turin in Italy. There he had beenRead MoreElie Wiesel Reflection991 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout human history, most people have endured many types of tragic experiences that have changed their way of being. For example, the Holocaust involved the Jewish community and was considered one of the most tragic life changing experiences for many. Most notably, the murderous travesties the Jewish people were subject to. Additionally, it changed our views about how the world would view the future of human history. A Holocaust survivor by the name of Elie Wiesel was involved with the horrorRead MoreGhettos Description in Night by Elie Wiesel Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary perception of the word is â€Å"synonymous with segregation† (Bassi). The first defining moment of the ghetto as a Jewish neighborhood was in sixteenth century Italy; however, the term directly correlates with the beginning of the horror that the Je wish population faced during Adolph Hitler’s reign. â€Å"No ancient ghetto knew the terror and suffering of the ghettos under Hitler† (Weisel, After the Darkness 20). Under Hitler’s terror, there were multiple ghettos throughout several cities in numerous countries

Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

Questions: 1. Climate Change? 2. Believer part of the Climate Change Paradox? 3. Non- Believer Part of the Climate Change Paradox? 4. Adaptation and Migration Actions to Avoid the Ultimate Impacts of Climate Change? Answers: 1. Climate Change 1.1. Definition Climate Change refers to the change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period. Climate changes mainly focused towards the change in the average weather conditions, or the time variation of weather around longer-term average condition (Pachauri et al., 2013). The Climate change is mainly caused by various factors. This includes various factors, such as biotic processes, variation in solar radiation received by Earth, volcanic eruptions and plate tectonics. 1.2. History of Discovery The history of climate change initiates in the early 19th century, when the ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was efficiently determined. Later in 19th Century, various scientists argue that human emissions of the greenhouse gasses could change the climate. Most of the climate related theories involved the influence of forces from volcanism to the solar variation. By 1960, the effect of warming effect associated to Carbon Dioxide gas became increasingly convincing. However, some of the scientists also focused towards various human activities in the forms of atmospheric aerosols, such as pollutions, could have cooling effects on the environment (Doney et al., 2012). During 1990s, the effective computer models along with the confirmation of Milankovitch Theory of Ice Age focused towards the formation of weather changes in the environment. Since 1990s, the scientific researches based on the climatic changes included various disciplines, which has expanded and significantly increased the understanding of casual relation links with historic data and the ability to model the climate fluctuation numerically. Based on the recent works governed by the Assessment Reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, it can be analyzed that climate change is a significant and long lasting change associated to statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. 2. Believer part of the Climate Change Paradox There are two paradoxes that seem to consistently arrive and thereby helps in believing the core factors associated to climate change. The first paradox includes simultaneously simplicity and complexity. Climate Change is generally considered as a complex problem which id diversely understood. It is a post normal science issue, and not at all a regular one. Climate Change seems to the individuals that believe in models squaring off against those for whom actual data is the only truth (Kirtman et al., 2013). Assuming the one that believes in basic science, one can still question about the factor of risks that assigns to possible scenarios of climate change while considering on how much risky they are comfortably taken. Even the groups that are demographically uniform universities tend to disagree on these questions. As a social issue, climate change is considered as an epistemic mess, rife with subjective issues such as climate justice and the various discourses of fear, risk, opportu nity, security, equity and sovereignty which compete for dominance in the sense making issues. Several scientists argued that climate change is mainly a cause of cognitive dissonance, which can be crippling. Confronting the evidences that most well meaning Westerners consumption habits contribute as much as to the problem as the most easily vilified of the oil companies (Seinfeld Pandis, 2013). As per the viewpoint of Tim Jackson, it can be discussed that The Myth of Decoupling drives power, fly and consumption rate already outstripped the factors that can be sustained by the planet, even as innovative technology rapidly increases efficiency. Moreover, Jackson further painted a picture regarding the efficient improvement of strategies that need to be avoided for the worst climate changing scenarios. Moreover, it has been observed that the common opinion associated to climate industry highlights towards the crowds of climate NGOs, consultants, developers, departments and the campaigners in order to ride the wave of climate madness and thereby sell the wind turbines, carbon accounting services and social licenses (Fankhauser, 2013). These movements are found to make easy assessment of the attacks and thereby form inaccurate claims related to the known impact of climate change and claiming fully that science is settled even though, in some crucial ways, its not. Based on a strategic viewpoint, it can be analyzed that addressing towards the conflicting worldviews, misappropriations, and debates of nationalism, localism or internationalism, along with political appropriations provides systematic design scales for various responses. Although most of the scientists agreed on the concept, however one can easily highlight towards its huge limitations and negativities. Thus, this first paradox associated to climate change legitimately means different from one individual to another. This is a complex term, but it is highly practical for most of the individuals (Qin et al., 2013). There is a cumulative, global, time bound, greenhouse gas budget and ongoing break on this associated paradox. 3. Non- Believer Part of the Climate Change Paradox The second paradox, which can be considered, is Scale, which is associated to the non-believers perspective. After the disappointment with the pace of change possible through the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) protocol, there led an evolvement of the debate about scale into a debate about goal setting. This was based on the concept of GHG-emissions reduction goals are politically engaging enough to be achieved. According to the concept of Mike Hulme, climate is considered as a change, which is related to the efforts and thereby should not be focused on the GHG reduction goals that put politically attractive objectives, such as the air quality or public health at the forefront (Hansen Sato, 2012). However, Michael Oppenheimer stated that people could get being efforts in order to transform energy system in their communities or the sectors they work in where they can visualize social and economic co-benefits of taking actions. 4. Adaptation and Migration Actions to Avoid the Ultimate Impacts of Climate Change The Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation tend to consist of various actions that limit the magnitude of long-term climate change. This generally involves the reduction in human (anthropogenic) emissions of Greenhouse gases (GHGs). Adaptation to the adverse change of the climate is observed as an important element. Adapting towards an abrupt climate change often tend to minimize the effects associated to the consequence. However, when the adaptation capability decreases, then the consequences of climate changes prevails largely. Often this terms to have an immense effect on the environment. Thus, effective migration is considered as an important policy to avoid adaptation. Migrating to a more significant area, which has a moderate climate for life sustenance, is observed as an important factor. Mitigation involves in achieving the capacity of Carbon Sinks. This includes Reforestation policies to a huge extent. Moreover, the mitigation policies focus towards the substantial policies, which reduce the risk of human induced global warming (Bellard et al., 2012). Effective climate change mitigation would not be achieved if an agent acts independently in its own selfish interest. Most of the adaption actions tend to provide benefits of actions, which may accrue more directly to a region, individual or the associated countries that tend to undertake them for a short duration of period (Pachauri et al., 2013). Nevertheless, the financing of such adaptive activities remain an issue for the poor countries or its associated individuals. The common example of mitigation involved in the context of Climate Changes includes the switching to Low Carbon Energy sources such as the nuclear energy and renewable energy and thereby expanding forests and thereby sinks to remove the greater amount of Carbon Dioxide from atmosphere. One of the classical examples involves improvisation through insulation of the buildings. The other relevant approach associated to Climate Change is the Climate Engineering, which can protect the consequence to a huge scale. Most of the countries are associated to the parties of UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). The objective of this organization is to stabilize the atmospheric considerations, which are associated to GHGs at the level that would prevent dangerous human interface associated to the Climate System. The Scientific analysis can efficiently provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires valuable judgments. In the year of 2010, the parties associated to the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) agreed tat the future of the global warming should be limited to below 2.0 degree Celsius, which is relative to the pre industrial level. This might be revised to the target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 degree Celsius, which is relative to pre industrial levels. The current trajectory of the greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with the limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 degree Celsius to the pre industrial levels. Based on these parameters, it can be completely analyzed that the other mitigation policies are also proposed, and are considered more stringent or modest. These newly created mitigation policies, which are proposed by the Western countries such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom tend to consider the limiting zone less than 2 degree Celsius. Thus, all these adaptations and mitigations taken by the counc il of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change can efficiently avoid the ultimate impact of climate changes to a huge scale. References Bellard, C., Bertelsmeier, C., Leadley, P., Thuiller, W., Courchamp, F. (2012). Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity.Ecology letters,15(4), 365-377. Doney, S. C., Ruckelshaus, M., Duffy, J. E., Barry, J. P., Chan, F., English, C. A., ... Polovina, J. (2012). Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems.Marine Science,4. Fankhauser, S. (2013).Valuing climate change: the economics of the greenhouse. Routledge. Hansen, J. E., Sato, M. (2012).Paleoclimate implications for human-made climate change(pp. 21-47). Springer Vienna. Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R. (2012). Perception of climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(37), E2415-E2423. Kirtman, B., Power, S. B., Adedoyin, J. A., Boer, G. J., Bojariu, R., Camilloni, I., ... Prather, M. (2013). Near-term climate change: projections and predictability.Climate change, 953-1028. Masson-Delmotte, V., Schulz, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Beer, J., Ganopolski, A., Gonzlez Rouco, J. F., ... Osborn, T. (2013). Information from paleoclimate archives.Climate change, 383-464. Pachauri, R. K., Allen, M. R., Barros, V. R., Broome, J., Cramer, W., Christ, R., ... Dubash, N. K. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Qin, D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., ... Midgley, P. M. (2014).Climate change 2013: The physical science basis(p. 1535). T. Stocker (Ed.). Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press. Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N. (2012).Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley Sons.

Keys to leadership in HCA

Introduction Every organization values good leadership. In fact, even Healthcare organizations require excellent managers. This is necessary for organizations to achieve their objectives. Additionally, healthcare systems require strategic management to aid efficacy in provision of healthcare services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keys to leadership in HCA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More HCA has a role of regulating healthcare services throughout the United States. To achieve this, the organization needs effective leadership. Essentially, HCA requires a successful leadership system with the capability of providing effective governance to heath centers. It should also be noted that leadership is central to the success health organizations. Good leadership can put in place beneficial programs for the organization. Additionally, it can help the organization to implement and review healthcare policies and programs in an efficiently and reliable manner. This paper will explore the keys to leadership in HCA (Dye, 2010). Healthcare industry and leadership Healthcare Industry is considered one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Its growth has been widely witnessed in recent times with advancement in technology. For instance, it provided over 14.3 million jobs to the population. Moreover, it is projected that the industry will provide over 3.2 million jobs by 2018. This would be more than any other sector. This projected rise is mainly due to ever-increasing population of the aged. It is also quite important to note that among the 20 fastest careers and occupations, 10 come from Healthcare industry. In addition, the industry employs workers from different fields. These include those working in medicine, IT, finance, education, franchise, sales, and engineering, among other fields. The industry employs people with different levels of qualification. While some take courses that surpass four years, others attain their qualifications in two years. These include skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers. Moreover, Healthcare has always received mixed reactions regarding its development and effects on the population. While advances in technology has generally improved the quality of life, introduction of insurance policies have made it quite expensive for American population. All the same, introduction of prepaid measures and incentives have improved quality of life at affordable rate. In essence, perception of Healthcare has continued to improve as we hope for better quality of life and efficiency, which is the main purpose of Healthcare industry. The industry has continued to embrace advances in Technology, which are also aimed at improving quality of life.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it currently not only helps physicians to diagnose dise ases, but also treats patients in a better way that earlier done by human. For instance, advances in technology have enabled treatment of ailments such as cancer, which were formerly seen as untreatable. Moreover, laser technology has been vital in reaching out for internal organs, which were difficult to treat in the olden days. Technology therefore presents a bright outlook for Healthcare industry and is set to continue improving quality of life (Gardner, 1990). This surge has led to challenges in management of healthcare sector. In fact, healthcare sector has turned into multinational corporations with huge capital bases and complex infrastructures. Additionally, healthcare sector has a huge workforce. Each healthcare organization needs to regulate their workforce effectively to facilitate delivery of healthcare services. Moreover, organizations need to establish ways of coordinating activities in health centers. Moreover, processes in healthcare facilities require close monitori ng to ensure that procedures are conducted smoothly. In essence, all the processes in healthcare organizations need to be managed from a central point. In this regard, organizational structure needs to be put in place to formulate policies aimed at regulating healthcare activities. Skilled personnel in management should lead these structures. Moreover, they should possess leadership qualities to ensure that the organization is led effectively. Like any other organization, HCA requires a working organizational culture. Departmental leaders should be tasked with the responsibility of implementing organizational culture. Leadership Leadership is essential in every group. It ensures good organization of the team to maximize productivity. It enhances group dynamics as well as improves communication between members. The portfolio on personal learning and skills for success provides an individual with the ability to perform self-assessment. The paper explores all aspects of leadership in h ealthcare organization. This includes ways of improving personal performance, evaluating growth in learning goals, evidence of learning, evidence of personal qualities and skills, evidence of competence in-group work, and evidence of competence in independent work. The paper also explores competence in exercising responsibility, leadership, persuasion, negotiation, problem solving, task management, dealing with conflict, managing difficult situation, working under pressure, managing change and learning from mistakes. Moreover, the paper explores competence in creativity and written communication skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keys to leadership in HCA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper is essential in bringing out an individual’s leadership values and practices. Leadership values of great essence in HCA include embracing accountability, building trusts, achieving commitment and managing c onflicts. In essence, HCA requires leadership skills that would follow practices to ensure constructive conflict, bonding, commitment and accountability. Moreover, such leaders would work to discourage dysfunction of teams such as mistrust, absence of accountability and failure to focus on the objectives of the team. Leadership values and practices at HCA Leadership values which are required at HCA numerous. They include accountability, trust, commitment, conflict management, and focus on goals. Moreover, they focus on achievement of goals. For instance, HCA group is characterized with trust, care, and fairness. That is, teams are modeled to focus on the goals of the organization. Moreover, staffs are encouraged to treat one another with respect and care. Notably, team members are trained to accept and help one another as equals within the group. This is essential in enabling the team to achieve group cohesion. Moreover, it aids the team to perform group activities without hindrance . Other elements of leadership come through promotion of democracy, trustworthiness, and compassion. Leaders at HCA are expected to be fore front in promoting equality among staff members as well as among organizations, which it regulates. Sound leadership is therefore central to the development of HCA. Additionally, healthcare ethics should also be implemented to stamp out irregularities. Effective management of HCA is possible through creating effective teams. This has the propensity of developing leadership qualities among members. These important qualities can be gained in-group meetings through sharing of roles within the group. In fact, group dynamics are central in enabling members to learn from one another. In the end, this improves followership and leadership theories. In some cases, teams consider themselves equal and in each turn, a new leader was selected to moderate group tasks. These groups are usually considered democratic and the groups show a pattern of trust and le adership. These values are valuable in any group as they ensure that the team is unified in all their tasks. Moreover, it gives way for creativity and innovation, which is essential in a dynamic business environment. Of great importance is trust in any given group. Trust brings out openness and dependence on one another for achievement of goals within the group. Trust helps in building strong bonds within the group. This is essential in ensuring continued cooperation between members of the group. Moreover, it enables constrictive conflict and confrontation between individual members of the group. For instance, the dynamic, pattern or theme of our group reveals both formal and informal authority.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this depends on the kind of role given to each individual after a democratic selection. For instance, the leader can moderate group activities while other members are given other roles. In effect, all members are active and this plays the role of leadership and followership. This affords the leader formal authority over team members during group proceedings. However, it is necessary to not that the first meetings are usually characterized by cautiousness. Nonetheless, group dynamics play a big role in ensuring cohesion and hence interplay of the concepts of leadership and followership. Leaders are expected to act as role models in healthcare environment. For instance, nurses are expected to be fore front in advocating for patients. Additionally, doctors can lead by example by demonstrating compassion for patients as is expected of nurses. Essentially, it can be noted that trust is very important in solidifying groups. In addition, commitment is also important in ensuring co mpassion and responsibility. This helps in achieving desired goals. Moreover, when this is added to accountability, then utilization of resources is maximized for success. These qualities are essential. Notably, project management skills are also essential as it enables the team to organize itself effectively for achievement of goals. Moreover, creativity and innovation is also essential in leadership. This helps in tracking the changes in healthcare environment as it enables the team to be dynamic. Additionally, conflict management methods are essential for any leader. For instance, it ensures that conflicts are resolved to improve performance and unity in the group. Essentially, various leadership values and practices are essential for management of a team. Moreover, one should be able to manage himself/herself before going out to manage others. This can be achieved through self-assessment. Leadership responsibilities Leaders have numerous responsibilities. They are tasked with th e responsibility of management organizational resources to achieve productivity. Additionally, they are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring smooth movement of activities in healthcare sectors. Leaders are also responsible for innovative development of the organization. To achieve this, leaders are expected to take part in all programs and compel compliance with all development planning and performance evaluation policies. Additionally, leaders are expected to carry out formal assessment of management evaluations for the achievement of consistency. Still, leaders are expected to make emphasis on significance of performance evaluation and career planning programs upon management at HCA. In addition to that, leaders are expected to ensure the existence of better environment for innovators for the successful achievement of professional career path goals. Moreover, leaders should supervise advancements and achievements of workforce in health care settings. Moreover, leaders should delegate duties to practice management, giving them an opportunity to learn and prosper. It should also be noted that leaders are tasked with the responsibility of supervising and implementing internal operations within the organization. Additionally, leaders should posses the ability to handle all arising issues appropriately and ensure that implementation of the organization’s standard procedures and policies are done appropriately. Leaders possessing such skill shave the ability to rise through the ranks of healthcare organizations. Moreover, such leaders would have the skills necessary to develop new leaders and hence followership. Challenges that face leaders and teams Teams face numerous issues. Moreover, leader experience observed several pitfalls in teams. These are mainly brought about by dysfunction issues. For instance, most issues arise from unresolved conflicts and mistrusts. Additionally, cultural differences also bring numerous challenges to leaders and their teams. Some of the issues leaders face includes mistrusts, which come about through the fear of confrontation. For instance, one member could have an idea to contribute but would shelve it for fear of being ignored. This brings about mistrusts as some members feel that their views are ignored. In addition, methods of solving conflict within the group can sometimes be faulty. This increases uneasiness within the group. In addition, team members are sometimes not accountable to the tasks given. This brings about lack of commitment and hence failure to achieve team goals. These problems can be intensified when the team breaks down into smaller groups as members join various affiliations. In essence, the pitfalls in teams are increased thereby exposing the dysfunctional aspects of teams. This is quite difficult for leaders who expect their teams to work efficiently. Healthcare environment brings together people from different cultures, if this is not handled appropriately; leaders are f aced with increased conflict. In essence, issues that face leaders include conflicts, complexities, inadequate resources, hostile patients, and logistical issues, among others. Leadership practices and understanding of dysfunction team To obtain leadership practices, it is essential that the team monitor its progress. Leaders should be capable of exposing problem in teams. Moreover, performing self-assessment for each individual in the team is also important in achieving better performance. Additionally, learning new leadership styles as well as practicing them is important in fostering them in an individual. Furthermore, one should place more effort on problem solving techniques as well as in conflict resolving methods. This will mitigate on dysfunctional aspects of the team. Self-assessment is very essential for capacity development. Leaders conduct self-assessment test on various skills and capabilities. These are usually done on audit report. Notably, six major areas have a grea t bearing on a leader’s personal and professional development. These include the leader’s ability to adapt knowledge to novel situations, relate theoretical knowledge to practical situations, and convey views to different audiences. Moreover, the leader should have the ability to manage ambiguity, complexity and change, reflection and skills in cultural literacy. Good leadership is crucial to organizations. leaders give valuable information on management skills. For instance, the dynamics in any team are usually overwhelming. This required ability to coordinated and handle such pressures. Without good communication skills and coordination, one cannot handle essential tasks of a team. In this regard, the articles provide good insight in managing projects and other team activities. Leaders need to have Insight into conflict management methods, which include dispelling of dysfunctional aspects of the team such as fear of confrontation, mistrusts and absence of accountabil ity among others. By dispelling such practices, one is able to solidify a team in order to handle challenging tasks. This improves the team’s net worth and dynamics. Moreover, the team is able to handle various challenges, which suit them for the ever-changing healthcare environment. Health facilities are faced with unpredictable environment, which change without notice. Such challenges can only be tracked by a solid team, which embraces dynamism (Kouzes Posner, 2011). Self-assessment is also essential in monitoring both personal and team performance. This enables leaders to monitor their contributions in a team. Additionally, it enables one to acknowledge failures and make corrective measures to realize better performance. Insight into self-assessment is therefore vey essential in realizing success of the team. Healthcare Industry has enjoyed major transformations since its inception to provide Healthcare products and services. It involves combination of both human touch as well as medical technology to diagnose, administer drugs, care and respond to patients’ needs. The industry serves millions of people in United States alone, this range from terminally ill people to newborn babies. Moreover, the industry has continued to embrace advances in technology, which are also aimed at improving quality of life. The future therefore, looks bright although with continued increase in cost of Healthcare (Atchison, 2003). Conclusion Leadership is essential to the development of any organization. Leaders perform crucial functions that aid in day-to-day running of organizations. Running health care facilities is quite challenging in a dynamic world. In fact, globalization has created complex issues to leadership. These include cultural differences, work place issues, relationships and loyalty among others. These issues require good leadership to achieve productivity and efficacy in health care settings. In essence, effective management, which comes through good leadership, is central to HCA. Additionally, followership is also important in establishing loyalty to institutions. This ensures that activities are done as required by those appointed as seniors. Moreover, respect is strengthened when followership and leadership theories are fostered. This paper provides a clear and concise description of qualities and practices desired of a leader in groups as well as individuals. It gives important insights on good leadership. Moreover, it gives significant insights discouraging dysfunctional teams. The insights gained are profound and essential since they articulate on matter relating to focus on goals of the team. Moreover, these insights foster unity and ethical management of tasks. For instance, followership creates ways of improving personal performance through self-evaluation and practice. In addition, monitoring of activities through leadership improves performance. It should also be noted that feedback is essential in achieving clos e monitoring of progress and performance. Notably, learning of new leadership styles as well as business dynamics is also beneficial in increasing insight into better management methods. For instance, self-confidence is improved greatly because of ethical confrontation between team members. Moreover, openness ensures constrictive conflict between team members. However, it should be noted that the tasks of leadership comes with its numerous challenges. Leaders are always liable for failures in their respective teams. This makes them untenable in organizations. Moreover, mistakes done by junior officers are enough to put leaders out of work. Moreover, the dynamics involved in leading numerous people from diverse cultures has the propensity of creating conflict. The two theories are thus essential in improving productivity in healthcare. Moreover, they are important in developing leaders and followers in healthcare organizations. References Atchison, T. (2003). Followership: Practical Guide to Aligning Leaders and Followers. Illinois, IL: Health Administration Press. Dye, F. (2010). Leadership in Healthcare: Essential Values and Skills (2nd ed.). Michigan, MI: Health Administration Press. Gardner, W. (1990). On Leadership. Michigan, MI: Free Press. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2011). Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership. New Jersey, NJ: Pfeiffer. This essay on Keys to leadership in HCA was written and submitted by user Lucian C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How CRM Could be Successfully Applied in the US Airline Industry

Great awakening essays

Great awakening essays American Philosophy in the eighteenth century was divided into two halves. The first heavily influenced by the Calvinism of the Puritans, the second more directly along the lines of the European Enlightenment and associated with the political philosophy of the Founding Fathers (Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, etc...). The age of the Enlightenment began when people started to question authority, religion, and philosophize about life and science. The First Great Awakening was started to bring the fire back into religion. Both the Great Awakening and Enlightenment played a big role in contributing to the growth of colonial America and independent. The powerful Enlightenment ideas of the eighteenth century, concerning reason and natural law, spread widely throughout Europe and its colonies and gave hope to many people for future progress and reform. As England gained control over the colonies in America, many colonists felt victimized by the unfair treatment they were receiving from their country. They used the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers, or Philosophies, in their aim for independence and liberties. The Enlightenment ideas also spurred the discontented French to revolt against their unfair ruling class. Both, the Americans and the French, were enlightened by the new, liberal and logical thoughts, and these encouraged them to demand change in the social order and unjust authorities they were subjected to. The ideas of the Enlightenment were spread through the writings of many Philosophies, through different intellectual gatherings, and through traveling. Enlightenment was used as a weapon against the old French society and encouraged tolerance, reasoning, and improvement of society. Considered as revitalization, an awakening of religious devotion, called the Great Awakening. The fear of the flames of hell swept through the American colonies, mainly in New England, between 1730-1745. The Great Awakening st...

Naloxone's Drug Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Naloxone's Drug Profile - Essay Example Many greater doses are needed when using oral administration for any pharmacologic effect. Naloxone is absorbed in the liver, mainly through glucuronide conjugation, and eventually excreted from the body system in urine. Part Three Because of the penetrating biotransformation in the liver, Naloxone is ineffectual when taken orally, and because of this, it is dispensed exclusively for parenteral use (Robertson et al 512-5). Section 2 Part One Naloxone is available in both parenteral and oral formulations. In Australia, Naloxone comes as a sterilized solution for intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration in three strengths (1milligram, 0.4milligram, and 0.02milligram) for every milliliter in the sterilized solution. Every milliliter of the one-milligram strength has 8.35 milligrams of NaCl. In Australia, Naloxone may be referred to by different brand names such as TARGIN or buprenorphine. They are offered in four strengths, which are 5/2.5 milligrams, 10/5 milligrams, 20/10milligrams 40/20 milligrams, and TARGIN tablets that come in boxes that have blister packs of 20 to 28 tablets. Packs of 20 tablets are only available until current stocks deplete (Kelly and Koutsogiannis 375) Part Two A Naloxone hydrochloride is injected either intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally. Intravenous administration has proved to work faster than all the other forms of administration, hence its recommendation for use in emergency cases. As such, it is preferred in emergency circumstances. In intravenous infusion Naloxone, hydrochloride may be diluted in dextrose injection 5 per cent or sodium chloride injection 0.9 per cent (O’Malley-Dafner and Davies 212). Products from parenteral drugs ought to be examined visually for any complication such as discoloration prior to administration. Naloxone hydrochloride dose should not be mixed with any alkaline solution, preparations containing bisulfite, high-molecular-weight anions, metabisulfite, an d long-chain. There should be no addition of chemical agents or drugs to this solution unless one knows its outcome on the solution’s chemical and physical and stability. Section 3 Part One After a parenteral administration, Naloxone quickly disperses in the body system, freely crossing the placenta. The binding of plasma protein follows, but has been reported to be rather weak. Although the principal binding component is plasma albumin, plasma constituents also undergo naloxone binding. Part Two The drug’s distribution volume in plasma, which is 3litres per kilogram (this is more or less equal to 210 litres for a 70kilogram person versus five to six liters of blood in the same person, which would seem rather large). However, to get transported, the drug is usually bound to plasma proteins for transport (Martin 415). Naloxone is 61.5 per cent in fetal plasma and 54 per cent protein bound in adults. Part Three The usual adult dose is 0.4 to 2 milligram per dose of intra venous, and intramuscular, or subcutaneously administration and it may sometimes be repeated at two or three-minute intervals. Therapy is done if there is no response after accumulative dose of 10 milligrams. Naloxone is given intracisternally in loading doses. 0.1 milligram/kg/dose is given to children and infants who are less than or equal to five years or less than or equa

The Batek of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Batek of Malaysia - Research Paper Example The researcher states that the Batek of Malaysia are a kinship-based society, which means that it emphasizes nurturing and sharing. Batek parents spend a lot of time playing with their children of either sex and they also spend this time holding, cuddling and talking to them. Batek parents also do not use harsh disciplinary methods when scolding their children, as their vernacular term sakel, which means hit also means the same as kill, thus the idea of even hitting their children disgusts them. Moreover, Batek parents raise their children in the spirit of respect, care and affection, and the whole camp even shares their own time in order to facilitate care for the child and to feed them. Lastly, as the Batek children are growing up, they are usually made to engage in active play but not in an aggressive or competitive manner, as competition is simply outside of the Batek system of belief. The kinship system of the Batek, just like many of the contemporary foraging aboriginal groups of Southeast Asia, follows the kinship classification of the Inuit, where parents are different from uncles and aunts. The Batek society has the conjugal family as its basic unit, and this conjugal family is politically independent and economically self-sufficient. These conjugal families, which mostly consist of eight or more children each, live in a camp that in turn consists of two to fifteen families related by blood. These camps are classified by the Batek themselves as belonging to one of the three â€Å"river valley groups,† who, although practically indistinguishable, occupy the Aring, upper Lebir or lower Lebir watersheds. (Endicott, 1988). Generally, the Batek society fosters equality between husband and wife, and the married couple is always expected to show affection to each other (â€Å"The Batek De,† 2010). Political Organization The political organization of the Batek is relatively simple since the society is highly egalitarian. A closely-knit settled gr oup of Batek may be assigned a headman, who is tasked to represent the group and to act as its spokesperson in matters where the Batek have to deal with the non-Batek (â€Å"The Taman Negara,† 2010). The headman, who is called penghulu in the native Malay language, is usually chosen because he is believed to possess â€Å"charisma, extroversion, and a familiarity with the Malay language† (â€Å"The Taman Negara,† 2010; Endicott, 1988). The headman is usually appointed by the Malaysian government through the Department of Aboriginal Affairs in order to have a spokesman for the group of Batek and for the group to have someone to relay to them the sentiments or wishes of the non-Batek (Endicott, 1988). Moreover, the headman is expected to possess an in-depth knowledge of the traditions of the Batek community, and may at times, because of such knowledge, assume the title of â€Å"Tok Batin† or â€Å"Spiritual Elder† (Ahmad, 2009). Nevertheless, the hea dman can only act as a persuasive leader and not an authoritative one (â€Å"Batek,† 2011). On the whole, the Batek society exemplifies political equality and the basis of this is most probably the fact that the Batek do not foster the practice of imposing their will upon their fellowmen, and except for

Websites review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Websites review - Assignment Example The website for the Centre for Child Studies has been developed with a very simple frame of mind. No mind boggling graphics have been used, just simple enough to pass on all the necessary information for the person viewing it. All the methods of contacting them are there in black & white; and blue of Skype even, so to speak. Although, the text is very simple and easy, the content in intense for example the virtual tour included for the ease of the reader. Coming to the crux of the matter, it develops research databases and reports for toddlers and their language development skills. It calls out for more parents helping in the research, making it a unique group for both the parents and the researchers. Not only this formulates a sub-culture among the whole American society but also helps future parents and doctors to look into patterns of child development. This eventually helps them ascertain facts about child development and the shift in it with the ever-so-changing time. This website can be found on www.zerotothree.org. As the name suggests this website also deals with formulating a culture of change for children up to the age of three from birth. The website presents a neat and persuasive view along with inducing clicks from people visiting the website. The graphic presentation has been kept simple and the view presents a professional, a must for the type of people they are trying to attract. Parents and researcher, both communities are serious onlookers for information as they want the best facts, so to equip themselves to raise their children right and publish about them, respectively. This website, at least on the looks of it, provides these very basic needs of both. The website combines the best of opinion asks for more and processes that data for any information monger passing the world of the web looking for answers. It calls for people sharing their experience of parenting, coupled along with the expert opinions,

Effectiveness of Point of Care System (POC)

Effectiveness of Point of Care System (POC) TITLE Effectiveness of Point of Care System (POC) in Decreasing Hospital Shouldered Costs for Health Care of Indigent Patients. AUTHORS Seurinane Sean Espanola MD (Principal Investigator), Ma. Elinore Alba-Concha MD (Co-author) INTRODUCTION Topic Background: The National Health Insurance Act of 2013 Section 6 states that all citizens of the Philippines shall be covered by the National Health Insurance Program prioritizing acceleration of provision of health services to all Filipinos especially those who cannot afford such services. All indigents not enrolled in the program shall have priority provided that they shall be subsequently enrolled in the program.1 It has been estimated that 77 million of more than 92 million Filipinos are covered by PHIC as of March 2009. And 72 percent of the 4.7 million indigent families are enrolled in the sponsored program.2 R.A. No. 7875 targets 100 percent coverage of the indigent population3 but despite national government appropriations, sin tax collections, local government sponsorships and other sources, a vast number of poor are not yet covered by PHIC hence a mechanism of enrolling these patients at the Point of Care was established to ensure that all poor that is in dire need of quality health services is covered by Philhealth. The Point of Care (POC) system will provide indigent patients or those belonging to Class C-3 to D availment of Philhealth benefits.4 Ensuring access of the less privileged members of society to health care is the main aim of the POC system and the additional aim is to offset hospital shouldered costs of free services to the uninsured hence assuring sustainability. This study then focuses on the latter and looks into the initial effects of the POC system on hospital shouldered costs. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: Health care for all is a seemingly profound undertaking providing medical assurance for people from all walks of life however the question of sustainability and accessibility is still an ongoing issue. Despite the improving economy and work force, health care continues to remain less of a priority as finances are being concentrated to the basic needs of life. In a study by Tsilaajav in March 2009 focusing on costing study for selected Philippine hospitals, the average unit cost of outpatient visit is P378 while emergency visit is P552. The average inpatient discharge on tertiary public hospitals would range from 1,500 to 10,000 pesos.5 This considerable amount is threatening to low income families compromising their general health. There are several types of Insurance systems in the Philippines. Private health insurances works by giving coverage separately for hospitalization as well as emergency cases however premiums may be costly. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) which is the common managed care plan in the country covers basic medical expenses from preventive and outpatient setting aside from hospitalization. And the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC), reinventing consumer payment schemes since the establishment of Medicare, provides affordable health insurance for Filipinos at any age. Although these insurance systems may come free during employment, still there is a higher chance of discontinuity especially for those with average to low monthly incomes. And as insurance premiums may rise exponentially yearly, many of the insured in return will become uninsured. The uninsured or people with no insurance coverage are no different from those insured. They are struck with common diseases however receiving less preventive care and screenings foregoing medical care due to costs leading to higher mortality rates.6 Hence the government plays a pivotal role in providing access to medical care for everyone. The Aquino administration aims to provide accessible and available health services for all Filipinos through its Universal Health Care also referred to as Kalusugan Pangkalahatan. A health care that is accessible, efficient, equitably distributed, adequately funded, fairly finance and appropriately used by all. However despite efforts of the government to provide easy access to care especially to the poor, still there are vast majority who are uninsured hence faced with unaffordable medical bills during admissions, more out of pocket expenditures and with these thoughts in mind would later forego care because of costs and may defeat the purpose of the government of providing financial risk protection for all especially the poor. The PHIC last November 17, 2013 with Joint order No. 2013-0033 implemented the Point of Care Enrollment Program for Hospital-Sponsored Members to further strengthen the Aquino administration program of universal health care more so focusing on the indigents as stipulated on Republic Act 7875 which clearly mentions all indigents not enrolled in the program shall have the priority in the use and the availment of the services and facilities of government hospitals. 1 The Point of Care System caters to non-member who were assessed by the Medical Social Worker as class C-3 and class D and members who are not covered due to lack of qualifying contribution and classified as class C-3 and D. Patients enrolled under the POC will be covered with in and out patient benefits including the no balance billing policy. The premium amount will be shouldered by the hospital and the coverage of Hospital Sponsored Membership shall be from the first day of confinement month and shall end on the last day of the same calendar year. Sponsorship will be continued by the National Government if the applicant remains in the same class per year upon re-evaluation. Thru Point of Care System patients will be given enough benefits and be more confident in utilizing health care services without being burden of the costs and in return lessens the quality fee services and out of pocket expenditures and more importantly improve hospital reimbursements. However up to date this new system does not have local level analysis and there are no comprehensive studies up to date hence this study. RESEARCH QUESTION: The National Health Insurance Act through the National Health Insurance Program ensures health coverage for all. The point of care system covers class C-3 and D admissible or admitted patients. However to date there is still yet to be a study providing a local level analysis of the impact of Point of Care system. Additionally, it is still unknown how the system will impact the financial status of hospitals and its sustainability issues. Thus this research aims to answer the question: Will the POC implementation reduce hospital shouldered health care costs for indigent patients? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The Point of Care system has had an immediate effect on healthcare institutions and subsequently the health coverage. It aims to provide financial risk protection to all Filipinos especially the poor as implemented through the Aquino Agenda. As quality of patient healthcare is directly tied to the sustainability of hospitals, the point of care system will affect the finances and decision-making of hospitals and will directly determine whether or not financial risk protection for the poor is in fact being achieved. Hospitals will be able to identify the areas of concern and areas of growth the point of care will be providing regarding efficiency and sustainability and in return will encourage low-income patients to avail the system. OBJECTIVES: The general objective of this study is to compare hospital shouldered costs for patients admitted for common conditions seen in Family Medicine pre and post Point of Care. Specifically, based on secondary data provided by the Southern Philippines Medical Center, the study shall: 1. describe patients admitted in Southern Philippines Medical Center from June 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014 in terms of a) demographic characteristics (age, sex, address) b) diagnosis c) MSW classification d) other external sources of health funds (CMAP, Lingap) e)length of hospital stay 2. compare the hospital revenue pre and post POC 3. compare hospital shouldered costs pre and post POC which includes cost of POC enrollment and additional subsidy on top of PHIC and other external sources’ reimbursement. 4. compare the hospital revenue pre and post POC. METHODOLOGY Research Design Retrospective Cohort Setting Southern Philippines Medical Center, Retrospective date covering June 2013 to March 2014 Inclusion The Department of Family Medicine caters to patients aged 14-60 years old only. Hence patients who fall on the age bracket admitted with following diagnosis AGE with moderate, DHF I, CAP moderate risk or PCAP-C enrolled in the point of care system and age group and diagnosis matched patients without insurance admitted for the said conditions that were not enrolled in POC will be included. Exclusion Charts and bills that could not be retrieved DEFINITION OF VARIABLES Age – refers to the chronological age of the admitted patient. Sex – refers to the biological sex of the admitted patient. Address – refers to admitted patients dwelling area. Philhealth Insurance Status – refers to patients PHIC membership status. Diagnosis – refers to patients identified cause of admission. Total Hospital Bill – refers to the total amount incurred during length of hospital stay. Total Out-of-Pocket Payment – refers to the amount paid by the patient not subsidized by insurance provider. Philhealth Reimbursement – refers to the amount refunded by the Philhealth Insurance System. Total Hospital Subsidized Costs – refers to the amount shouldered or written off by the hospital after PHIC reimbursement, reimbursements from external sources (CMAP/PDAF) and total out of pocket payments have been deducted from the total hospital bill. It would be computed as Total Bill – (PHIC Reimbursment + External Sources Reimbursement + Out of Pocket Payments.) Data Gathering Data gathering will commence as soon as approval from the DOH XI CERC is obtained. The principal investigator will gather the data using the charts and billing statements as the source and transcribe this in the data collection form seen in Appendix A. Charts will be gathered and will be segregated according to diagnosis and be separated as to with or without POC. Variables will be collected as follows: Variables Independent variables 1. Demographic data (age, sex, address) 2. Diagnosis 3. MSW classification 4. Other external sources of funding 5. length of hospital stay Main outcome measures and other dependent variables The main outcome measure for this study is the Total Hospital Subsidy given for pre and post POC patients. Other outcome measures of interest include the total hospital bill for pre and post POC patients, the PHIC reimbursements, and the total out of pocket payments and the reimbursement from external sources. The total out of pocket payment and total hospital subsidy, if not reflected from the total bill, will be cross checked from the database of cashier section or lingap using the patients complete name or hospital number. The co-author can randomly check the transcribed data with the original data sources to ensure data integrity. Data Analysis Data will be encoded in excel format and will be analyzed using Epi Info version 7.0. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize data. Comparison of continuous variable will be made using the t test and categorical variables will be compared using the chi-square test. Mean Total Bill – Gross Total Bill / Number of Admitted Patients under FM Mean Amount Reimbursed by PHIC – Gross Total Reimbursement/ Number of Admitted Patients under FM Mean Patient Out of Pocket Payments – Gross Out of Pocket Payments / Number of Admitted Patients under FM Mean Hospital Subsidy – Gross Total Subsidy / Number of Admitted Patients under FM Gross Total Bill – Total Bill of all Admitted patients under FM Gross Philhealth Reimbursement – Total PHIC Reimbursement of all Admitted patients under FM. Sample Size Calculation Using the following assumptions: alpha = 5 (two-sided) power = 80 m1 = 3000 m2 = 2500 sd1 = 800 sd2 = 800 n2/n1 = 1 A total of 82 participants (41 without and 41 with POC) per disease entity will be required for this study having a sum total of 246 patients. Estimates were made using the standard 5% alpha error and 80% power since there were no previous studies for reference. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethics Review The protocol of this research will be submitted for approval to the DOH XI Cluster Ethics Review Committee. Privacy Patient data will be anonymized prior to analysis. No personal contact with individual patients shall be made. Confidentiality Patient data for analysis will be anonymized. How will you keep the data and for how long? After initial analysis, the anonymized data will be stored electronically and will be retained for 5 years from the time of initial analysis under the custody of Dr. Seurinane Sean Espanola and Ma. Elinore Concha. Within this retention period, the investigators listed in this protocol may refer any number of times to the data for clarification, further analysis and/or re-analysis. How will you discard/dispose of the data? After the 5-year retention period, the electronic data will be permanently deleted. Who can access data? Only the investigators listed in this protocol will be given access to the raw data for reference and initial or subsequent analysis. Extent of use of study data Data shall be used solely for the objective of analysis of the Point of Care System, as stated in previous sections of this protocol proposal. No facts or information shall be released without the prior consent of the medical director of the hospital. Necessary steps shall be taken to assure that this information will not be made accessible to persons outside of the research team. Authorship and contributorship a. Who are the authors or contributors to the present paper? The authors and contributors to this study shall be given proper recognition in the formulation of the follow-up paper. Authors and Co-authors include Dr. Seurinane Sean Espanola and Dr. Ma. Elinore Concha respectively b. Acknowledgment of original data collectors Proper acknowledgment shall be given to the Southern Philippines Medical Center for original data collection. c. Written consent of original data collectors that the data can be used for further research Written consent for use of secondary data shall be requested from Dr. Leopoldo J. Vega, the Chief-Of-Hospital. Conflicts of interest The author and co-author hereby declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Publication Publication shall be pursued at the onset of writing of the paper for this study. Submissions shall be sent to relevant publishers who can help promote the awareness of this topic. Funding Dr. Seurinane Sean Espanola is presently seeking funds to cover the expenses for this research. Dummy Tables DUMMY RESULTS Table 1. Comparison of Baseline Characteristics *using t-test **using chi-square test Table 2. Comparative parameters between POC and pre-POC PhilHealth – sample (Note: separate tables will be made for the other medical case rate diagnoses) BUDGET Administrative expenses and supplies For office supplies and support expenses as requested by the Health Sciences Program. Funds would go towards providing computer and office space and travel if needed. TIMETABLE References 1. Philhealth. November 7, 2013 Manual of Operations and Procedures for the Implementation of the Point of Care Enrollment Program for Hospital-Sponsored Members. (Philhealth Joint Order 2013-0033) PHIC, Pasig. 2. Philhealth at a Glance. The National Health Insurance Program. Senate Economic Planning Office. November 2009. 3. Philhealth. October 14 2013. Implementation of the Point of Care Enrollment Program (Philhealth Circular 0032-2013). PHIC. Pasig 4. Philhealth. March 26, 2013. Enrollment of the Critical Poor under the Sponsored Program of the National Health Insurance Program at Point of Service. (DOH Department Order/Philhealth Office Order2013-0031). PHIC, Pasig. 6. The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. September 2013. Key Facts about the Uninsured Population. APPENDIX A POC Study Data Collection form Patient’s Initials: ______________________________________________ Hospital Record number: _________________________________________ Age: ______Sex: __Male __Female Diagnosis: ______________________________________________________ MSW Classification: __C3__D Date Admitted: ________________Date Discharged: ______________ Detailed Hospital Bill (attach if possible) 1

Behaviour of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden Commentary Essay

In the poem â€Å"Behaviour of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden† by Keith Douglas, a beautiful woman uses the power of seduction to attract many men. Douglas uses simile to describe the woman as a â€Å"white stone† while calling men different types of fish like â€Å"magnate, an important fish† and â€Å"flat-eyed fish†. Throughout the whole poem, Douglas seems to use the word â€Å"fish† many times. It seems he is describing the environment as an aquatic environment. Since it is third person limited, the reader does not know what the males are thinking, but using imagery the reader can know how they look at her and it is clear that the males are attracted to her. The poem contains seven stanzas with four lines in each stanza. It is a narrative poem because it has a plot about a beautiful woman trying to use her ways of seduction, but the men are too threatened of it and they soon run off. There is no rhyming scheme although there are some rhymes like â€Å"afternoon† and â€Å"spoon†. Each stanza does not have rhyming endings, only four out of seven stanzas have a rhyming scheme. An interested thing that the readers might notice is that each line has about nine or ten syllables. In stanza one, Douglas introduces the woman as a â€Å"white stone† and she â€Å"draws down the fish† (L.1). The first line describes the woman’s beauty and how it attracts the attention of all of the men in the room. The woman is most likely sitting and trying to look beautiful so all the men would want her. The woman â€Å"Draws down men’s glances and their cruel wish for love.† (Line 3) The woman is not doing anything and yet she has already done so much. Not only did she make the men look at her, but it seems they are also thinking about her and how they want to be with her. In stanza two, the reader learns about the woman’s way of seduction. â€Å"Slyly her red lip on the spoon/ slips in a morsel of the ice cream† (L.4, 5). Most men have a dirty mind, so when she put that spoon full of ice cream in her mouth, she got the men’s full attention. She is also wearing many different cosmetic accessories. She is wearing red lips stick and red nail polish while looking white or a â€Å"milky stone† (L.6). There is this one man in stanza three that seems to have a little bit more interest in the woman.†A cotton magnate, an important fish† seems to like her since he is looking from across. The man was going to walk out, but after seeing her one more time he decided to stay to watch her some more. The next man in stanza four is an old man described as a â€Å"crustacean old man† who is sitting near her. As he is there staring at her just like every other man, he tries not to stare anywhere else but her face. He â€Å"might see her charms through the fissures where the eyes should be or else his teeth will parted in a stare† (L.14-16). What the author is saying is that if the man looks below the neck region, his jaw will drop because of his perverted thoughts. A third man known as the â€Å"lean dark mackerel† tries to look as if he does not care too much about the woman. â€Å"The flat-eyed fish sucks on a straw, staring from its repose, laxly.†(L.19, 20) He is still attracted to her since he turned around to look at her, but he seemed calm and cool because he was resting and looking at her in a peaceful manner. In stanza six, they talk about a man who is stepping up and attempts to do what every man wants to do with her. Every man wants to be with her, but everyone is threatened. The man is â€Å"circling and passing near the white attraction.† (L.22) The man is trying to have to get the confidence to ask her out, but he never does. He was to afraid of what would happen so he never had the opportunity. Since the ice cream is now gone, the men don’t seem to be attracted to her anymore. â€Å"The fish swim off on business/ and she sits home alone at the table† (L.26, 27). Douglas is saying that the woman lost her power of seduction and she is no longer the attraction and every man has left since she is not as beautiful anymore. She is a â€Å"white stone/ useless except to a collector, a rich man.† (L. 27, 28) The quote means she is no longer the thing that the men are interested in and the only way she will get someone to be with her is if she becomes a trophy wif e. In the end of the poem, it comes to a sad end. The woman is lonely as the men go on with their busy lives. Throughout the whole poem, she was trying to use the power of seduction, but ended up teasing everyone away. As a reader, it comes to no surprise that she did not get anyone because being a tease is no way to get a man or a woman. Therefore, justice has been served as she ends up alone.

United States Recovery of Western Europe Post World War

United States Recovery of Western Europe post World War II Most of Europe was demolished after World War II and had to rebuild but most governments were in debt and out of money because of the war. Many people didn’t have food to eat or more to pay their taxes which made it completely difficult for the governments to recovery tax to start rebuilding. Fortunately the United States was free of war and devastation making us the richest country in the world. We were able to give help to Europe and its allies to recover from the war. A great deal of Europe’s success would not have happened without its initial Foreign aid from the United States.Foreign aid is the transfer of money, goods, and services from one country to another. This helped to rebuild the economies of Western Europe and to help contain the Soviet expansion in the aftermath of World War II. The United State and Europe had to work fast because if Western Europe did not rebuild and grow strong quickly, it may s oon fall to communism since the United States, and most of Europe had allied with the Russians in order to defeat Hitler and the Germans but they were also worried about the Russians and the  spread of communism. After helping destroy so much of the continent, killing over 55 million people, the U.S. used the Marshall Plan to put billions of dollars back into the European economy. The Marshall Plan was announced in June of 1947 and was named after Secretary of State George C. Marshall. It was very successful. Truman extended the Marshall Plan to less-developed countries throughout the world. The Western European countries involved experienced a rise in their gross national products. The United States have $13 billion for assistance in Western European countries for four year. By the end of the Marshall Plan, all participating countries were stronger than before. The plan help Europe economically recover from the war.

Free Essays on The Bones Of Plenty

George Custer was Both the Victim and Villain of his own Hardship The American dream - to live in the land of the free and the home of the brave-the land of opportunity. The dream was to live the way you wanted, to strike it rich and retire early. This dream was always there, but many faced a very rude awakening when the Great Depression struck first the farmers, then the country, and soon after, the entire world. Lois Phillips Hudson, in her novel, The Bones of Plenty, wrote of the hardships of one small North Dakota wheat farming family that occurred over a period of a little over a year during the heart of the Great Depression. Hudson pointed out that not all were beaten by this horrific period of history, and many could get through it, but it was how an individual handled the situation that made the difference. With a name like George Custer, he certainly lived up to his name. General George Armstrong Custer had become famous as a United States Army Officer and is best known now for his role in the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876 in what was then the Montana Territory. This battle was also known as Custer’s Last Stand and was referred to many times metaphorically in the novel. During this battle Custer attacked an Indian camp before he had known that he was vastly outnumbered. His unit became surrounded with odds greatly in favor of the enemy, but he still fought until he himself was killed by his own stubbornness. This reminds us of the way George Custer, the wheat farmer from North Dakota, let his stubbornness and temper take control of his life and send him and his family spiraling down the never-ending black hole of bankruptcy and drifting from town to town, trying to end up â€Å"on the west coast somewheres.† (pg 434) It was his own pride and arrogance that dealt him the final blow that destroyed the roots that his wife so desperately clung to. But how coul... Free Essays on The Bones Of Plenty Free Essays on The Bones Of Plenty George Custer was Both the Victim and Villain of his own Hardship The American dream - to live in the land of the free and the home of the brave-the land of opportunity. The dream was to live the way you wanted, to strike it rich and retire early. This dream was always there, but many faced a very rude awakening when the Great Depression struck first the farmers, then the country, and soon after, the entire world. Lois Phillips Hudson, in her novel, The Bones of Plenty, wrote of the hardships of one small North Dakota wheat farming family that occurred over a period of a little over a year during the heart of the Great Depression. Hudson pointed out that not all were beaten by this horrific period of history, and many could get through it, but it was how an individual handled the situation that made the difference. With a name like George Custer, he certainly lived up to his name. General George Armstrong Custer had become famous as a United States Army Officer and is best known now for his role in the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876 in what was then the Montana Territory. This battle was also known as Custer’s Last Stand and was referred to many times metaphorically in the novel. During this battle Custer attacked an Indian camp before he had known that he was vastly outnumbered. His unit became surrounded with odds greatly in favor of the enemy, but he still fought until he himself was killed by his own stubbornness. This reminds us of the way George Custer, the wheat farmer from North Dakota, let his stubbornness and temper take control of his life and send him and his family spiraling down the never-ending black hole of bankruptcy and drifting from town to town, trying to end up â€Å"on the west coast somewheres.† (pg 434) It was his own pride and arrogance that dealt him the final blow that destroyed the roots that his wife so desperately clung to. But how coul...

In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example

In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Paper In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Paper Essay Topic: Opinion Play In my opinion Shylock has been presented as a victim but at times, he is made a villain because he has been treated so unequally that he has no other option besides applying the bond on Antonio. Society was very different 400 years ago. Shylock was living in the Elizabethan era, where anti-Semitism was very open. The majority of people at that time were Christians who were against Jews and treated them inhumane, because the Christians knew that it is the Jews who were responsible for the murder of Jesus Christ and they are still in the process of completely eliminating Christianity. Shylock was one of the many Jews who were subjected to brutality and insults throughout their lives. Shylock wasnt ever treated compassionately from the start, he wasnt considered as a human and we get to realise that when Shylock (in Act 3 Scene 1, Page 35, Line 54) asks Antonio: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jews eyes, hath not a Jews hands, organs dimensions, senses, affections, passions Antonio has subjected Shylock to insults and inequality all his life, one instance is at the beginning when in Act 1 Scene 3, Shylock reviews what Antonio has said to him: And spit upon my Jewish gabardine You call me a misbeliever, cut-throat dog Hath a dog money, is it possible? In this scene we have the immediate view of a generous money-lending Jew, because Shylock reviews all of the insults he has been subjected to and, still lends him the money. For example in Act1 Scene3, Shylock says: Shall I bend low, and in a bondmans key Fair sir, you spat on me you spurned me such a day, another time you called me a dog; and for these courtesies Ill lend you thus much money Antonio, still hasnt realised his mistake, and is still not grateful to Shylock, Antonio replies with rage: I am as like to call thee so again, to spit on thee again, to spurn on thee too. We feel sympathetic towards him, because he has faced misfortune throughout the play. Lorenzo, who is Antonio and Bassanios friend, eloped with Jessica. Jessica, was Shylocks only hope, he had no other family. Not only did Jessica run away with one of Shylocks enemies, she stole an absurd amount of money from her father. Solanio puts on an impression of Shylock in Act 2 Scene 8 he says: My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats We might think that Shylock here is more worried about his ducats than his daughter, but on the contrast, we also immediately have the anti-Semitism view because Solanio Salerio are Christians and they arent reliable witnesses because they hate Jews too. They use abusive language like: As the dog Jew They also use words such as: Confused, Strange and Variable, these words are unnatural Elizabethan language. Jessica steals Shylocks dead wifes ring and sells it for a monkey, when Shylock hears about this from Tubal he cries and says he wouldnt sell that ring for a forest of monkeys. Tubal says in Act 3 Scene 1: One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey Shylock replies: Out upon her, thou torturest me Tubal. It was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not given it for a wilderness of moneys. We know how much Shylock is sad because he says torturest which is a very effective word, and we are left with no other option besides feeling sympathy towards him. We then come to know about Antonios shipwreck, which raises tension. Before the court trial begins, we come to know that even the Duke is Anti-Semitic because his words are: Go one and call the Jew into the court Shylock still wants to pursue the bond and the Duke doesnt yet convince him. The reason Shylock gives for pursuing the bond is: If you deny it let the danger light, upon your charter (Line 38). He says that if you dont give me this bond, your law and government systems credibility will go down. Your charter will not mean anything. This is where we realise that Shylock has been forced into becoming a victim because of all the Anti-Semitic pressures faced upon him. At the court scene, Portia arrives as a lawyer in order to save Antonios life. Antonio helped make their wedding possible, so it is payback time. We also know from the beginning that even Portia is Anti-Semitic as she says in the trial scene: Which is the merchant here? And which the Jew? At the court the first thing Portia asks Shylock to do is to be merciful: Then must the Jew be merciful. Shylock replies: My deeds upon my head, I crave the law, the penalty and forfeit of my law Shylock demands that the justice should be fair. Portia tells Shylock that he is right in saying that justice should be served, but Shylock can only a pound of flesh. A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off Portia wanting to defeat Shylock for the last time says: Are there balance here to weigh The flesh Shylock replies with glee, because he realises that all the insults and brutality he has been subjected to will now end in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by. I have them ready Portia now realising that she has lost this time but not the next, she says: Have by some surgeon Shylock, on your charge, to stop his wounds lest he do bleed to death She says, in order to pursue your bond, you may remove his pound of flesh, but there should be a surgeon to prevent Antonio from bleeding to death. We feel even more sympathetic towards Shylock when he is [Aside] and says: These be the Christian husbands. I have a daughter- Shylock being extremely kind and compassionate to Portia, we begin to realise that Portia should stop discriminating Shylock by calling him a Jew. Shylock replies in these manners: Most rightful judge Most learned judge Portia finally humiliates Shylock in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by, by saying: Take then thy bond, take thou pound of flesh, But in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods He is told that he cannot spill even a drop of blood whilst taking the flesh out. Shylock couldnt get his initial bond, but still knowing that he is treated unfairly he asks for his principle bond: Shall I not have barely my principal? Without any mercy, Portia denies it again. Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture Portia then tells Shylock that he is an alien in Venice and he is not a citizen, therefore he his breaking the law by trying to take the life of a citizen: If it be proved against an alien, He seek the life of any citizen And due to that all of his money will go to Antonio and the Venetian state, also he can be executed on the Dukes will. Shall seize one half his goods, the other half The Duke pardons it and says: I pardon thy life before thou ask it. Antonio says that Shylock can keep the other half of his wealth, but at the same time forcing him into Christianity, and should leave all of his wealth to his treacherous daughter Jessica and Lorenzo. I am content- so he will let me have the other half in use-to render it upon his death unto the gentleman that lately stole his daughter. Two things provided more, that for this favour, he presently become a Christian, The other, that he do record a gift here in the court of all he dies possessed unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter Shylock has been treated inhumane in front of all of his enemies and at the end he is asked my Portia if he is happy. Shylock has no power, had no power, and has no free will and his life ruined forever. As such that Shylock prays for his leave, because he doesnt feel well. I pray you give me leave to go from hence, I am not well. Send the deed after me, and I will sign it At the end in Act 5 all the Christians are cheerful and they celebrate in Belmont. Concluding I would say that Shylock is mainly treated as a victim of the society he lives in. The society he lives in is to be blamed. Anti-Semitism existed 400 years ago and it was a very open issue. In the Elizabethan times Jews were not treated humane because Christian beliefs quote that the Jews killed Jesus Christ. We can also say that Shylock is a victim because he wanted to murder Antonio, but then, wasnt the Duke given the right to execute Shylock just because he wasnt a citizen and was pursuing a bond, which involved murder. We do not tend to realise how badly Shylock is treated, all we notice is how eagerly Shylock wants to murder Antonio. Shylock wants to murder Antonio for many reasons: Shylock wants to avenge Antonio, because it is he who treated him inhumane, it is he who subjected him to brutality and insults throughout his life, It was part of the bond that if Antonio loses his ships a pound of flesh will be promised to Shylock. Antonio over-confidently agreed to the bond, not knowing that over-confidence always makes you lose. At the end, the Christians won, because they were the majority and he was one, he couldnt say anything against the final decision.

Broker Fish Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Broker Fish Industry - Research Paper Example The company started its operations 10 years back as a financial consulting firm and in 2002, stepped into covering medical insurance. This insurance company not only helps individuals but also different organization by providing them with best health insurance schemes. They provide high value health insurance options to their customers because they believe in easy affordability, excellent service, delivering customer value in a friendly environment and building good and profitable relationships with customers by finding their needs regarding health insurance. Health is the most significant thing in everyone’s life but most people do not give it much importance by indulging themselves in other useless things. All these factors appeal the customers and therefore, they consider it important to be medically insured. The vision of this company is to provide excellent service with easy affordability and with innovation, build honest relations with customers and provide fun environme nt to their employees which will help in achieving company’s goals easily. It happens very often that people want to change their health insurance agents or company because of a number of reasons like poor service when they need them most for instance hospital claim or in any other emergency or poor communications, lack of knowledge, as agents are not aware of the health insurance they have provided themselves. Sometimes even their record keeping is very poor. They do not keep proper records of their last claims or do not inform customers about the renewals at the right time. These are the issues that customers face with health insurance agents and companies. The policy changes to be considered are as follows: Carry out market research on regular basis in order to find the needs of customers; Training to be provided to all insurance agents on a regular basis so as to fulfill the needs of customers and to provide value to them; Maintenance of profitable relationship with custo mers and keeping them updated with any changes affecting them or their policies; Change is constant in the insurance industry, its policies and premiums also keep changing. To make sure that customers are aware of these changes so they can choose wisely; Provide high quality advice to customers so that they select the best policy option. Continue to offer new policy plans to provide customers with new and innovative plans and give them the options to change their policies by choosing the one most suitable and best for their family. These policy changes will affect the entire company as well as the five management functions in a number of ways. STAFFING: This is the most important management function; organization should recruit right people with the right skills and knowledge for the particular task that will help in attaining organization’s goal. The most significant thing that organizations should keep in mind is the people they hire because they make or break companyâ€⠄¢s reputation. In order to be competitive in the market organization should respond to the change efficiently and right people with right skills can guarantee success. Broker Fish Health Insurance will hire the right people as their insurance agents who should be trained properly so as to inform customers and other organizations about the health insurance policies of the company. The agents should also know how to persuade them by telling them how these policies fulfill their needs and is the best as compared to the ones provided by rival companies. Broker fish insurance agents will have proper knowledge about the policies and changes that are expected in the future. Company will make sure that their agents are fully informed and updated on the policies and will give them proper guidelines on the information. Managers will keep track of their agents, if they are communicating the right information to customers and informing them about the new, upcoming plans. PLANNING: This

E-Learning and Business Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

E-Learning and Business Training - Essay Example The aims of this research are to describe the use of educational technologies in a business management context. That is, we seek to understand if business training methods and educational directives are supported by e-learning, adaptive to e-learning, and provide the appropriate tools, training and resources to students and business professionals that may use E-learning as a training resource. The research study expects to reveal opportunities businesses to develop E-learning training strategies. Management theory and E-Learning research are used to understand obstacles and opportunity in reaching training goals. This paper makes a conclusion that business management often involves stages that overlap between the training and employee growth, as well as knowledge and information management. Business needs traditionally include: cost management, scheduling, equity and debt. When a business hires an employee, that employee must be trained, and very often there are continuous training needs, like annual diversity training or monthly sales training. The nature of the research proposal is to use input from multiple sources to understand and identify E-learning training management models. Information will be gathered from books, journal articles and individual surveys. This will allow for evidence to support activities of E-Learning in business training. The resources necessary to complete this research is the development and distribution of the survey, as well as book, journal and other historical evidence.

Colonization in Pakistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Colonization in Pakistan - Essay Example British colonizers got access to the country during the reign of Sikh rulers. However, in 1857, Sepoy Mutiny, an Indian Rebellion, initiated a struggle against the British colonizers. Also Indian National Congress spearheaded several non-violent freedom struggles in early 1900s against the British. Britain could not resist the opposing powers and it ended its rule in Pakistan in 1947. Modern state of the country was, therefore, established on August 14, 1947. The country was then partitioned into five provinces: East Bengal, Balochistan, West Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Sindh. The partitioning process, however, led to riots across Pakistan and India (Lieven, 2012). War in Pakistan Pakistan has had four major wars since independence. The first war was the Kashmir war in 1947. The war was triggered when the country gained control of Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. The war involved Pakistan and the neighboring India. The two countries were later involved in war in 1965 and in 1971. The latest war was the Kargil war, which occurred in 1999. Pakistan has also had several skirmishes with its northern border country, Afganistan. Famine in Pakistan Famine in Pakistan is attributed to unevenly distributed rainfall patterns. Famines in the country have caused various devastating effects. Apart from leaving large expanse land derelict, famine in the country also triggered bushfires in various locations. Dereliction processes have not only created food shortages, but have also resulted to death of humans and animals because of hunger. Famines in Pakistan are, therefore, considered as an economic crisis because many resources are spent in mitigating them. Relations with African Countries Pakistan has strong relationships with countries in both Northern and Sub-Saharan Africa. The relationships are evident in the Pakistan embassies in African countries. Also, business relationships between Pakistan and African countries exist. Religion is another area where Pakistan and Arab-related African countries intermingle. In Tunisia, Pakistan supported the country in taking full control of Bizerte. Apart from offering support in various tasks or projects in African countries, Pakistan also helped some African countries during their fight for independence. Pakistan, for instance, supported Algeria during her independence struggle. Relationship between Pakistan and Egypt, Libya, and both Sudan and South Sudan is attributed to similarity in religion. Libya, however, shares similar culture with Pakistan. Pakistan has diplomatic relations and it maintains honorary consulate with various Sub-Saharan African countries. African countries with good relations with Pakistan include: Congo, Botswana, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mauritius, Madagascar, Lesotho, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, and Somali among others (Lieven, 2012). Strengths of Pakistan Pakistan has been using its strengths for three main reasons; eradication of poverty, increasing overall gross domestic product of the country, and lowering inflation rate. As strength, location of Pakistan is an advantage to its economy. The country is located at the corridor of major maritime oil supply networks. That is, the country is a major oil producer in Asian countries. Through exploitation of the natural resource, Pakistan has significantly improved its economy. Advanced technology and accessibility to infrastructure is another strength point of the country. Apart from, having modern

Essay on Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Essay on Global Warming Essay Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. Even though it is an ongoing debate, it is proved by the scientists that the planet is warming. The 29th century is experiencing a continued increase of Earth’s mean atmospheric temperature by about 1.4 degrees F and about two thirds of it occurring since 1980. This is global warming is affecting the nature’s balance and has a huge impact on life like continued heat waves, and sudden occurrence of storms and floods. Don’t we see time to time the epidemics that are devastating to human life and the flooding of the farmlands that puts economy in a deep hole? Scientific evidence indicates that since 1950, the world’s climate has been warming, primarily as a result of emissions from non -stop burning of fossil fuels and the razing of tropical forests. Since the industrial revolution till this day, there is a constant emission of the carbon into the atmosphere, everything we do we leave carbon footprints. It is a man made cause of the global warming. The global emissions jumped 3 percent in 2011 and are expected to jump another 2.6 percent in 2012, researchers reported. The greenhouse effect is a process by which the greenhouse gases absorb thermal radiation; these are then reradiated in all directions. But when some of these radiations come back to the surface and lower atmosphere, it causes increase in the average surface temperature leading to global warming. Global warming Causes The causes are many of which the main culprit is the increase in the greenhouse gases that is produced by burning fossil fuel and deforestation, thus intensifying the greenhouse effect leading to global warming. The four main contributors of the greenhouse effect are, water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Mining for coal and oil releases methane in the atmosphere. More ever the leakage from natural gas fields and landfills are additional source of methane. Excessive cutting down of the trees is another factor causing global warming. When deforestation happens the efficiency by which carbon dioxide is stored and oxygen released by the green plants are decreased to a huge rate in turn causing increased concentration of carbon dioxide that leads to increased greenhouse effect. The nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes are other factors that cannot be forgotten as the cause of Global Warming. Another source of methane is methane clathrate, a compound containing large amounts of methane trapped in the crystal structure of ice. As methane escapes from the Arctic seabed, the rate of global warming will increase significantly. Ice caps and glaciers reflect sunlight, bouncing high temperature sun -rays back into space away from the Earth. When these icecaps are removed the earth gets warmer as the dark oceans absorb much thermal radiation from the sun. Some regions may be wet with rain and some areas will suffer drought due to global warming. The climatic changes happen due to global warming. Seasonal changes are unpredictable unexpected thunderstorms might result as mentioned earlier. The burning of wood (should be reduced to a greater extent) releases oxidizable carbon to the atmosphere whose presence in greater amount causes the elevation of temperature. There is strong evidence that emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the major cause of the recent abnormal warming. Like carbon CFC do not trap heat but in the presence of UV rays the chlorine gets detached from CFC, drifts up into the stratosphere and these unattached chlorines catalytically convert Ozone molecules into Oxygen molecules depleting the ozone layer.